HIGH YIELD POINT FOR PSYCHIATRY 2015
Neurexin is responsible for synaptic transmission. It is implicated in autism.
Disorders oF perception-
Illusion- Sensory distortions
Hallucination- No stimulus; Clear, vivid, 3D; Insight is absent; No voluntary control; Objective space*
Auditory hallucination → Psychiatric disorder (typical of schizophrenia, may also be seen in depression)
Visual hallucination → Organic disorder
Olfactory hallucination → Temporal lobe epilepsy
Pseudo-hallucination-
Insight is present
May be in a subjective space
Imagery-
Not clear
Not 3D
Subjective space
Voluntarily controlled
Thought-
Flow
Form-
Flight of ideas (Prolixity): Two thoughts are joined by superficial association → Mania
Loosening of association
Word salad → Only words
Neologism → Coining new words or using old words in unique way → schizophrenia (most characteristic sign)
Circumstantiality → Unnecessary boring details
Tangentiality– Patient gives unnecessary details but substantce of idea is not communicated.
Content- Delusion (Grandiose, Persecution, Reference)